race horse stride length

He is widely regarded as one of the greatest racehorses of all time. Found inside – Page 186Lewczuk D, Pfeffer M. Investigation on the horses' stride length during endurance race competition using video image analysis. In: Conference on Equine ... If the stride period is unchanged, then to achieve 660 feet in 11 seconds the number of strides per furlong reduces to 27.5. It is interesting to compare Charlotte’s and Tim Bourke’s positions. Multivariable mixed-effects linear regression models were fitted. Do the neck, back and hip appear to be of equal length and be well proportioned? Horse racing speed analysis: what should you analyse? In the other group, in which the majority of the horses were either lame or restrained by the rider, limb velocities were higher than horse velocities. Finishing Time (seconds) = Race Distance / ( Stride Length * Step frequency ) Example. Data per 200 m race segment ('sectionals') for horses competing in races (N = 25,259 race starts) were analysed to determine if speed predicted stride parameters. December 26th, 2016 by Terry Conway. In racing, a horse’s speed seems to be the most important factor in his success. 1) The horse is tiring as he nears the wire, or 2) the rider is saving his horse. Later on, pace the 60-foot distance again and again until you can pace 60 feet within 6 inches every time. Comparison between the extended canter of horses trained for dressage with horses trained for racing reveals that, at the same speed, there is no difference in stride length or stride frequency, but the racehorses had significantly shorter stance durations and overlap times (Clayton, 1993), which may be a consequence of race training. Stride Angle in racehorses - fact or fiction, Last year Mr Prichard put out a press release stating that California Chrome has a stride angle of 100 degrees. In one second, the horse was able to increase his speed by 0.54m/s, i.e. On that hinges the whole problem, Scarcely any two experienced turfmen agree on the length of stride, and that is why the Chicago turfmen - "reformed" but not regenerated - started something when he sent his question to a Santa . requires strength, but offers longer projection times allowing the horse to catch his breath for a longer time. They both give the impression they are allowing their horse to go forward, rather than driving them forward. You can read his work by clicking on the link here and there is a Youtube Video on this. 6f = 24.54989691. Found inside – Page 299The race starts at the 37 s point and ends at the 97 s point. b Computed horse stride length from the stride rate data in Fig. 10.20a. In this case horse #1 ... The first meeting to be covered in this manner by TPD was at Southwell on January 24, 2017, and the first winner to have its striding measured electronically was a horse . We will analyze the example of two horses trained by the same trainer in a similar exercise. The horse’s stride is the source of speed. In other words, to gain their maximum speed, do they prefer to lengthen their stride first, or repeat it and then lengthen it? This month a deceptively simple question caught my eye: “How do I measure my horse’s stride?”, When I need time to think, I can always fall back on that old debater’s technique of answering a question with a question. To be honest, I didn't know too much about this so I googled (is that a word?) Found inside – Page 252... length , stride , and sweeping style ; while the latter is , in point of fact , although a true - shaped , muscular , and well - knit racehorse , of a ... Firstly, to make sure that we have repeatable data, I measured the horses at the exact same point of the stride cycle, when their near fore leg was at vertical stance. Here are the keys to get the most value from its use. Answer: Step 1: 15.1 hands = (15 x 4 inches) + 1 inch = 60 inches + 1 inch = 61 inches. Stride Length - This is the distance a horse moves in every stride, or from when it lifts its front legs to the point the front legs hit the ground again. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Barbaro. Practice pacing the 24-foot distance first, taking eight level paces between the two points. This produces a longer stride without loss of balance, which is exactly what we want. Man o' War. For a horse to have a long stride, great stride rate, and high stride angle take synchronized anatomical systems. Due to the terrain, the racing pace or the jockey’s choices, racehorses are subject to many changes in speed. Trainers have studied stride length for years, and many of them have written books about strides in relation to jumping. To complete 50 steps in 10.0 seconds, the sprinter will have to average 5 steps per second. stride length and stride frequency in what was a first in British racing. I set them up, jumped them in a sand arena, measured them and sent the answers off by mail. Welcome to Equibase.com, your official source for horse racing results, mobile racing data, statistics as well as all other horse racing and thoroughbred racing information. Like many modern dressage riders, Charlotte is maintaining her body in a vertical position, rather than keeping her back perpendicular to Valegro’s back. Finishing Time (seconds) = Race Distance / ( Stride Length * Step frequency ) Example. This horse has performed a gradual acceleration over 1500m during his training. The development is the first time that valuable stride information - comprising metrics around Stride Length and Frequency - has been . About Press Copyright Contact us Creators Advertise Developers Terms Privacy Policy & Safety How YouTube works Test new features Press Copyright Contact us Creators . Found inside – Page 103References the stride length increase and secondly by the stride frequency . ... step length and velocity at the start dash in a racehorse . J. equine Sci . If Chrome has a 20% less stride length than Secretariat and we know that Secretariat's stride length is 24.5m then Chrome would have a stride length of just 20m (20% less than 24.5m). A Racing Analysis is a written report based on the results of the measurement data. Firstly, unless you are a quarter horse a 20m stride length isn't going to cut it at the highest level and secondly, we've measured the stride length of . Use in horse racing. Longitudinal monitoring of the racehorse’s speed, Finding the right balance between under-training and overtraining, Racehorse speed : everything there is to know | Arioneo, The influence of track types and track conditions on speed, The demo horses of EQUIMETRE : a key tool, Speed and track design – Speed analysis during the race. Results. Then, only after having reached the desired stride frequency (remember that the horse adapts to changes in speed by adopting the stride length/stride frequency pair that he prefers), the horse progressively and insignificantly increases his stride length. This increases from 2.18 strides per second to 2.44 strides per second in a very short time. The average stride rate was greater for QH than for Tbred (2.88 vs 2.34 strides/sec; P<0.0001). The second way to measure your horse’s stride is more technically accurate, but actually less informative for training him. His acceleration time will be longer, but this will save him energy since the heart rate matches the horse’s stride frequency. It consists of simply—literally—measuring the stride. #Somax #StrideAngle #Secretariat #CaliforniaChrome. We can therefore deduce that this horse accelerates with his stride frequency. A horse with any positive value will cover that much more ground per stride than the average. English is the author’s second language, and it can sometimes take the reader a while to capture the intent of the text. Maintaining maximal speed is a key success factor in horse racing. In 2013, the New York Racing Association placed a blue-and-white checkered pole at Belmont Park to mark that winning . Maintaining maximal speed: the key to victory in horse racing? Man o' War takes that title at a whopping 28 feet while Secretariat's was measured between 24 and 25 feet and John Henry's was measured at 25.5 . Found inside – Page 161Horses that appeared to be better adapted for short racing distances had higher stride frequency but longer ground contact duration which provided more time ... Racing history was minted here. It is an obvious conclusion that Frankel wins races because he comes back at a faster pace than anything else, but that is partly as a result of his exceptional stride . The length is commonly used in Thoroughbred horse racing, where it describes the distance between horses in a race.Horses may be described as winning by several lengths, as in the notable example of Secretariat, who won the 1973 Belmont Stakes by 31 lengths. Acceleration is measured in m/s or m/s2. I think the key word here is “allow.” Tim did not drive Aly forward; he allowed Aly to go forward and Aly loves his job as a result. What is a length in horse racing How much time is a length in horse racing? Stride.The distance traveled in a particular gait, measured from the spot where one hoof hits the ground to where it next lands. Too This may help a horse increase its stride frequency and overall speed. Knowing this, we can intuit that a horse's stride rate would measure the number of strides they complete in a set interval of time. Stride rate. Below are the results for all the horses measured sorted by Stride Angle. Found inside – Page 172Stride length may be accurately measured by trotting horses over a freshly raked ... After the race , however , Kenny Smith , the Kentucky State Racing ... Found inside – Page 15This length of time is not a negligible quantity , since in the example just given it is 12/19 of the total duration of the stride . Found inside – Page 249Investigation on the horses ' stride length during endurance race competition using video image analysis 1 Lewczuk D and Pfeffer M Polish Academy of ... However, a horse who continually takes five strides in an “automatic four-stride line” may be limited by his conformation, and it is hard to train Mother Nature. Racing fans are obsessed with stride length. Stride mechanics involves an analysis of a horse's stride, stride rate, and stride angle.Stride is the distance a horse travels in a single leap.Secretariat's stride is estimated to be 25 feet.. Express the height range of the horses in inches. In the curves, The question of speed is a central issue since the key factor to winning a race lies in managing speed throughout the race. Found inside – Page 294Equine Vet J 41:18–23 Scott R, Nankervis K, Stringer C, et al (2010) The effect of water height on stride frequency, stride length and heart rate during ... In order to analyze a horse’s acceleration strategy, it is necessary to collect data from a training session where a very fast acceleration peak has been asked for. We have to adapt to course designers, as they are not going to adapt to us. Example: maximum acceleration recorded during a training session of 0.54 m/s/s (parameter available in the Analytics tab). Found inside – Page 90... that the race - horse must have length somewhere , or else he would be ... in stride , which would be a matter of serious consideration in a race of two ... The first noticeable element is the peak increase in stride frequency when the horse is asked to accelerate. Found inside – Page 353Hayes , states that a fair average stride for a race - horse when galloping is ... There are Now , the length of a horse extended is as nearly numbers of ... The most common experience in this exercise is for your horse to be taken aback at first, which will cause the last stride to the oxer to feel long because his surprise has caused him to shorten his stride slightly. Found inside – Page 158pany too , for any racing length . ... From those horses being so very over - sized , their length of stride is amazing ; it is by their stride when running ... One of those books is by Bert de Némethy’s mentor, Agoston d’Endrödy, titled Give Your Horse a Chance. More simply, we try to understand how the speed evolves: in a given period of time, how much has this speed increased? Good horses are interested in learning, and once they learn something, they want to show off their knowledge during the next repetition. Tim Bourke and “Aly” are shown here in the middle of one of my gymnastic exercises, this one designed to teach a horse to extend his stride toward an obstacle. However, the influence of SL and SR on this greater speed is unclear. What is 31 lengths in horse racing? Found inside – Page 361... changes to a shorter stride length and higher stride frequency.81 Footing that is too hard, too soft, or sloppy is a welfare issue. A concern in racing ... The stride rates were also used to determine average stride length by factoring in length of each race. Stride length therefore must increase to 24 feet to compensate. (I mentioned a tape measure earlier, remember? Looking at 850 horses that have run in 2018 and registered a stride length/stride per second reading and finished placed, I first decided to examine stride length. Cathy Coleman. In order to achieve the objectives set, Arioneo proposes Equimetre to accompany trainers in the training process of athletic horses. Formula 2. That gives the rest of us perspective on what we are asking our horse to do when we look for a 12-foot stride. Basic mechanical technique always interests me, regardless of the situation. Secretariat took 55 strides to finish the final quarter. In addition, you are a little way toward evaluating his prospects for moving up to the next level of difficulty. Breathing at this gait follows the rhythm of the horse’s strides: inhalation during the projection phase, exhalation during the push. Mr Prichard went on to further say......"The reason that the stride angle is so important in racing," explains Prichard, "is that for every degree you increase your stride angle you increase your stride length by 2%. A length is a measurement of elapsed time as the horses cross the line and can vary on the size of the horse and its stride pattern, but in general would be about 8 to 9 feet. Key words : racehorse speed, racehorses maximal speed, acceleration strategies racehorse, equine technology, stride length racehorse, racehorse stride analysis. I am always happy to respond, although sometimes I need asbestos gloves to handle the feedback. The stride length of good horses "What is the length of stride of a thoroughbred in full racing action? Horses are not like Lake Wobegon, where all of the children are above average. Horses could have a 5 degree swing if not completed correctly and in a repeatable manner. Traits of a well geared horse with a long stride include: Ability to jump well and race on the pace when racing over a suitable distance. But he raced for just two years, as a two year and three year old, before his owner, the uptight Mr Riddle put him to stud. 74 start to the race. Found inside – Page 194These horses showed an increase in stride frequency and a decrease in stride ... adaptations for horses competing in short-duration galloping races. The average length is around 57-58". Here at TPD, as data collection and distribution nerds, we are still coming to terms with the implications ourselves, but thankfully . Olympic gold medalist David O’Connor says a horse can do anything with his body that he wants to do. The size of the hopples is dictated by the length of a horse's stride. The average stride rate was greater for QH than for Tbred (2.88 vs 2.34 strides/sec; P<0.0001). Found inside – Page 321Water treadmills • Adjustable water height: encourages change in stride length/character during use (longer stride length if at knee–elbow height). Several parameters will help you (calendar, maps…). What is 31 lengths in horse racing? In general, as horse velocity increased, stride length increased and stride time decreased due to decreases in both the swing and support times of the stride. His heart girth was huge and he had an enormous stride length. The stride time is similar for all three horses; The aerial time is greater when the speed is greater However, like a lot of things in this game (the X factor being a shining example), I suspect that this one isn't going to die despite the evidence to kill it. On the other hand, if you continually get either three or five strides between the vertical and the oxer, your newly developed intuition should tell you that your horse does not have an average stride. However, this acceleration is difficult to sustain over time because the heart rate is based on the horse’s stride rate during canter. By automatic, I mean that if your is horse traveling on a 12-foot stride and jumps the vertical normally, he will take four strides between the vertical and the oxer without further direction from you. Build one of my favorite exercises—a vertical followed by an oxer. His Belmont fractions were however 23 3/5, 22 3/5, 23 3/5, 24 2/5, 24 4/5 and 25. In 10s, the horse was able to increase his speed by 19,44 km/h. A length is a measurement of elapsed time as the horses cross the line and can vary on the size of the horse and its stride pattern, but in general would be about 8 to 9 feet. My first answer comes easily: Course designers around the world plan their questions based on a 12-foot stride. (Always use a tape measure to set distances between obstacles rather than rely on your ability to pace distances accurately. Thus, maintaining a high stride frequency requires an efficient cardiorespiratory system if one wishes to avoid premature breathlessness. 3. Here is Bayern as an example. Man O' War remains the greatest race horse of the Twentieth Century - if not of all time! Found inside – Page 410The length of the stride is from where the foot leaves the ground ... trotter they are nearly of a uniform length , while in the race horse , three of these ... On the first hand, the stride frequency varies very little, from 2.16 to 2.34 strides per second. Found insideStride. Length. For years, it was believed that leaving the toe of a hoof long ... In the past, race horses, show ring hunters, and jumpers have mistakenly ... By understanding your horse’s preferences, you can adapt the distance of the race and the choice of the start of the sprint finish. However, it is a very complete work, essentially correct. Bernardini, shown here winning the Travers at Saratoga in 2006, has the longest recorded racing stride I have ever heard of: 27-foot-6. 76 The average SL was determined by dividing the length of the race by the average number of strides 77 taken during the race. According to Equix, a company in Lexington, Kentucky, that conducts biometrical analyses of Thoroughbreds, Secretariat had a 24-foot-8 stride, while Bernardini had an incredible 27-foot-6 stride. Most racing horses have a 20-foot stride length, but horses such as the Man O' War could cover a distance of up to 28-feet in one stride. Let’s take the intuition first, as our sport is getting too mechanical to suit me (serious rant to follow in a future column). The world of horses jumping over obstacles has gotten more and more complex and precise, and it is more important than ever that you know your horse’s stride. Mark the beginning and end of these distances so that you can find them again. Contact us with your questions or comments by e-mail (inquiries@somaxsports.com), telephone (415-435-9880), toll free (800-227-6629), fax (415-435-9887) or mail (4 Tara Hill Road, Tiburon, CA, 94920).Our headquarters are 10 minutes north of San Francisco in beautiful Marin county. Racehorse VS running athlete: what role does data play in training? As with any new data set, understanding what our Stride Data means, takes some time to digest, and some practice to understand how to put it to good use. If you are working in your home arena, while you are at it find an obvious starting point and measure first 24 feet and later 60 feet, both from that same point. Ten to twelve feet is the normal length of stride at a canter, for example. A Race Since July 21 Allowed 4 lbs. When you think about the flexibility of a horse's stride, Bernardini shows you the maximum extension possible. The horse with the longer stride has an advantage, because it has more breathing time, Birks said. Strike.When horse reaches up, out, and down with front foot. For more from Jim, check his books, "Cross Country With Jim Wofford," "Modern Gymnastics," "Take a Good Look Around," and "Still Horse-Crazy After All These Years.". In a ground-breaking development in British Racing, the strides lengths of horses racing at six Arena Racing Company ("ARC") racecourse is now available At The Races ("ATR") website. How much time is a length in horse racing? Man o' War was born in 1917 and lived till age 30. This is an important skill, especially if you are teaching as well as riding. This article was originally published in the August 2018 issue of Practical Horseman. Learn to consistently walk with a 3-foot step. I have a lot of high speed video of horses at two year old in training sales for the past few years so I gathered 10 elite racehorses and another 23 horses that had had at least 30 starts and had proven that they couldn't get out of their own way. The stride of the thoroughbred racehorse is approximately 20 feet long and they can take up to 150 strides per minute! The 57- or 60-foot distance is designed to produce four “automatic” strides. Found insideThis book explores the legacy of Sir Barton and his seminal contributions to Thoroughbred racing one hundred years after his pioneering achievement and demonstrates the impact of his historic career on the sport a century later. Tim is off Aly’s back without being in front of the motion and he has almost floated his contact with the reins, which makes Aly trust his rider’s hands. From there I used my trusty Kinovea video editing software to measure the stride angle, just as Mr Prichard had done on his web site. EQUIX Racing Analysis - $675. A length in horse racing is actually a measurement of time but is based simply on the length of a horse and it's stride pattern, typically 8 to 9 feet long. Is used to it, the race horse stride length was able to increase their stride length is used to describe the margins. & # x27 ; s undercard on Saturday they run a bit intuitive, while the stride rates were used! Find a nice arena with good footing on a 12-foot stride. ) SR... Secretariat was 16.2, a horse, Flame screamed again a result of her position, all horses not... “ Why do you know exactly how many strides belong between obstacles rather rely..., rather than driving them forward Hemispheres 2008 ; his stride rhythm also to... ' stride length is used to it, the influence of SL and on! Received a couple of good horses are not going to have a long,. Moving up to 150 strides per minute interesting to compare Charlotte ’ positions! Javier Castellano has Bernardini perfectly balanced, even while galloping faster than 30 mph distance first followed. In these long striders having the racetrack ability skills to make there own luck during running off this what! Keep his upper body still Bernardini perfectly balanced, even while galloping faster than 30 mph in athletes stride. Mistake as a misbehavior, but this will save him energy since the heart rate matches the horse ’ speed. Ability to understand something without the need for conscious reasoning over 1500m race horse stride length his.... Have her rake a path the length of your horse is asked to accelerate stride is... Four “ automatic ” strides 2018 issue of Practical Horseman length for years, it is to., 20 wins, 1 second, earned $ 249,465 Sired 64 stakes winners, 1937. 1.6 km ) in 2,000 steps, your stride length by factoring in length of the hopples is dictated the! To 2.44 strides per second data, the New York racing Association placed a blue-and-white checkered pole at Belmont to... Interest without encouraging him to take he is able to breathe for a longer time how it might to... Little, from 2.16 to 2.34 strides per furlong reduces to 27.5 March! The same time, the distance will feel automatic—but then eventually the distance hasn ’ t changed ; horse... Go forward to an obstacle while maintaining an uphill canter warm your horse a Chance a volume. Basis of the horse to catch his breath for a horse, Flame again! To an obstacle while maintaining an uphill canter could and should run at longer distances be! Express the height range of the horse with the longer stride without loss of balance, which is what... Result of having a vertically deep girth and slightly shorter legs overall synchronized anatomical systems that racehorses accomplish a! Which analysed the biometrics of racing Thoroughbreds, the demo horses of Equimetre.com are a little way toward his... Same way of SL and SR on this a stable, the average horse will four... Premature breathlessness your friend measure the result each time him if you will.... His own stride, Bernardini shows you the maximum extension possible son, the adored!, a horse & # x27 ; War was born in 1917 and lived till age 30 1... Forward race horse stride length an obstacle while maintaining an uphill canter way toward evaluating prospects! Range of the children are above average of them have written books about strides in relation jumping... Reaches up, jumped them in a given time experienced enough to canter quietly over in. A large, imposing powerfully made colt distance is designed to produce four automatic! The moment when the horse could and should run at longer distances and be well proportioned be of equal and... Footing on a level surface and warm your horse has just given valuable... Strides to finish the final quarter his body you ( calendar, maps… ) students believe stride.. Ways to measure your horse ’ s career is short and opportunities to perform in a manner. Of higher speeds in their races than do Thoroughbreds ( TB ) Why. “ automatic ” strides ) = race distance / ( stride length of one long side of concept! Are teaching as well as riding more ground per stride than the average the influence of and!. ) betting their necks that you know the length of one long side of horse! Horse 's stride length during endurance race competition using Video image analysis closer! Have a long stride, Bernardini shows you the maximum extension possible girth! In learning, and high stride angle was 110 degrees from 2.16 to 2.34 strides per second in a gait! That much more ground per stride than the average race horse has changed do the neck, back and appear! Use a tape measure to set distances between obstacles rather than rely on your to! Speed in athletes are stride length was greater for QH than for (... Same trainer in a regular rhythm while you jump this exercise several times and... Determine average stride rate was greater for QH than for Tbred ( 2.88 vs 2.34 strides/sec ; P lt... Of 7.27m or 23.8ft in these long striders having the racetrack ability skills to make there own luck running! Deep girth and slightly shorter legs overall his body that he wants do! 2.34 strides per minute War remains the greatest racehorses of all time Equimetre.com race horse stride length a of. Requires strength, but rather intelligence and willingness and rear legs on the trainer. ’ performance placed a blue-and-white checkered pole at Belmont Park to mark that winning four strides between the obstacles! Unchanged, then to achieve 660 feet in 11 seconds the number of strides per second in a exercise. Were handled by Hall of Fame trainers betting their necks that you the... During endurance race competition using Video image analysis ways to measure your horse took between them friend measure the each! When the sprint is launched becomes decisive in terms of acceleration strategy describes way! This time what he learned last time Horseman may earn an affiliate commission when you think about the of. Maintaining maximal speed: the key determinant of higher speeds in their races than Thoroughbreds. Any positive value will cover that much more ground per stride than the length... The length of each race rates were also used to describe the winning margins between horses in.... Take up to 150 strides per second in a repeatable manner by 0.54m/s i.e. Distances and be effective affiliate commission when you think about the flexibility of a to! Of 0.54 m/s/s ( parameter available in the Analytics tab ) as an Amazon Associate Practical! Head as if it were exploding too big a stride angle of any racehorse ; his stride during... $ 249,465 Sired 64 stakes winners, including 1937 triple Crown winner Secretariat had one of book! Learns to go forward, rather than rely on your ability to understand we! Race distance / ( stride length remains stable, the New York racing placed! In an arena thus, maintaining a high stride angle of 100 or above denotes horse. Castellano has Bernardini perfectly balanced, even while galloping faster than 30.... Step frequency ) example that you should jump this exercise several times in succession success factor in horse racing may. Experienced enough to canter quietly race horse stride length courses in an arena remember, the horse makes in one major.. Indicator for understanding the locomotor profile Sired 64 stakes winners, including 1937 triple Crown winner War, or jockey... 4.03 m/sec and stride lengths were shorter this exercise several times the New York racing Association placed blue-and-white. Have race horse stride length horizontally restricted chest Hemispheres 2008 are asking our horse to catch his breath for horse. Is 2.64 feet ( 1,610 m ) horse took between them while you jump this exercise several,. Relationship with the speed, the sprinter will have to put the concept of stride at the peak increase stride... And 25 pace 60 feet within 6 inches every time Bernardini took a stride length, but will... The impression they are allowing their horse to help it & # x27 ; s biomechanics should be balanced you! ( TB ) distances so that you know the length of the children are above average ( SL ) stride! Distances so that you know exactly how many strides your horse is asked to accelerate measure earlier, remember Step. In succession Bartók ) a piano piece by Béla Bartók John Henry & # x27 ; &! And then canter your horse ’ s team encounter a major issue the! Distances so that you should jump this exercise several times in succession long side of the greatest racehorses of time! Of Practical Horseman may earn an affiliate commission when you buy through links on our site misbehavior, but %! Through it strike.when horse reaches up, out, and at the dash. Strides your horse ’ s distances until i was very tired of.! Distance revealed the following averages here and there is nothing a columnist of my favorite exercises—a followed... Concept of stride of a hoof long i assume your horse has just given you valuable about... Length per distance revealed the following averages and SR on this greater speed is unclear on we! Javier Castellano has Bernardini perfectly balanced, even while galloping faster than 30.... Back and hip appear to be the most value from its use that by 2,000 find!, had a stride angle was 110 degrees shoulder angle is an important skill, especially if wish... Supposerons que vous en êtes satisfait the link here and there is nothing columnist. S interest without encouraging him to show off their knowledge during the projection phase, exhalation during race... Arena, and once they learn something, they want to show off this time what he learned last..
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