Cortés returned to Mexico in 1530 with new titles and honors, but with diminished power. Il padre di costei, Diego Alonso Altamirano, giurista, ricoprì diversi incarichi ufficiali, tra cui quello di sindaco di Medellín[4]. He overcame Narváez, despite his numerical inferiority, and convinced the rest of Narváez's men to join him. Don Martín's association with the so-called Encomenderos' Conspiracy endangered the entailed holdings, but they were restored and remained the continuing reward for Hernán Cortés's family through the generations. During the Noche Triste (June 30 – July 1, 1520), the Spaniards managed a narrow escape from Tenochtitlán across the Tlacopan causeway, while their rearguard was being massacred. At some point writers began using the shortened form of … ", Frankl, Victor. Along with this religious mission and the tantalizing lure of undiscovered riches, Hernán Cortés set off to accomplish both. After Cortés continued to release prisoners with messages of peace, and realizing the Spanish were enemies of Moctezuma, Xicotencatl the Elder and Maxixcatzin persuaded the Tlaxcalan warleader, Xicotencatl the Younger, that it would be better to ally with the newcomers than to kill them. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano – der Vorname wird mitunter mit Hernando oder Fernando angegeben, der Nachname auch mit Cortez wiedergegeben – war ein spanischer Konquistador. Relevance. [10] This began once news reached Velázquez that Juan de Grijalva had established a colony on the mainland where there was a bonanza of silver and gold, and Velázquez decided to send him help. Hernán Cortés Monroy Pizarro Altamirano (in passato italianizzato come Fernando o Ferdinando Cortese; Medellín, 1485 – Castilleja de la Cuesta, 2 dicembre 1547) è stato un militare, condottiero e nobile spagnolo. He ignored the orders and, in an act of open mutiny, went anyway in February 1519. After his death, his body was moved more than eight times for several reasons. Although as a human he was a sinner, he had faith and works of a good Christian, and a great desire to employ his life and property in widening and augmenting the fair of Jesus Christ, and dying for the conversion of these gentiles ... Who has loved and defended the Indians of this new world like Cortés? [1] Malinche knew both the Nahuatl language and Chontal Maya, thus enabling Cortés to communicate with the Aztecs through Aguilar. The third letter, dated May 15, 1522, appeared at Seville in 1523. In 1836, his bones were moved to another place in the same building. His parents wanted him to become a lawyer and sent him to school to study law when he was fourteen. In the years following the conquest more critical accounts of the Spanish arrival in Mexico were written. [1] There was an investigation into her death, interviewing a variety of household residents and others. As a child Hernan was sickly and at age … Cortés lo lasciò libero di governare l'impero cercando di convertirlo al cattolicesimo. "[40] Governor Diego Velázquez continued to be a thorn in his side, teaming up with Bishop Juan Rodríguez de Fonseca, chief of the Spanish colonial department, to undermine him in the Council of the Indies. Hernán Cortés is a character in the opera La Conquista (2005) by Italian composer Lorenzo Ferrero, which depicts the major episodes of the Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1521. According to Gómara, Cortés’ biographer, “They had little wealth but much honor, a thing that rarely occurs except among those of virtuous life” . "[43][44], The emperor finally permitted Cortés to join him and his fleet commanded by Andrea Doria at the great expedition against Algiers in the Barbary Coast in 1541, which was then part of the Ottoman Empire and was used as a base by Hayreddin Barbarossa, a famous Turkish corsair and Admiral-in-Chief of the Ottoman Fleet. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st. Earlier, Cortés had claimed the silver in the Tamazula area.[42]. In 1794, his bones were moved to the "Hospital de Jesus" (founded by Cortés), where a statue by Tolsá and a mausoleum were made. She later bore his first son. However, there may be more to the picture than this. According to his biographer, chaplain, and friend Francisco López de Gómara, Cortés was pale and sickly as a child. His father, Martín Cortés de Monroy, born in 1449 to Rodrigo or Ruy Fernández de Monroy and his wife María Cortés, was an infantry captain of distinguished ancestry but slender means. Then he proceeded to Tabasco, where he met with resistance and won a battle against the natives. It would prove to be an era-defining moment, signalling the beginning of the end for the American continent’s great civilisations, and the start of a new and terrible age. Cortés was born in 1485 to Martín Cortés de Monroy and Donða Catalina Pizarro Altamirano — names of ancient lineages in the town on Medellín, Spain. On 8 November 1519, Spanish explorer Hernán Cortes reached Tenochtitlan – capital of the Aztec Empire. "Cortés and the first attempt to colonize California. 7 years ago. 2 0. Another main source is the biography written by Cortés's private chaplain Lopez de Gómara, which was written in Spain several years after the conquest. [2] William Hickling Prescott's Conquest of Mexico (1843) also refers to him as Hernando Cortés. He received twenty young indigenous women from the vanquished natives, and he converted them all to Christianity. [13], On his return he went through a crowd to speak to the emperor, who demanded of him who he was. The Gulf of California was originally named the Sea of Cortés by its discoverer Francisco de Ulloa in 1539. He was responsible for the bold conquest of the Aztec Empire in 1519 in Central Mexico. At some point writers began using the shortened form of "Hernán" more generally. Your Majesty should likewise beseech His Holiness [the pope] to grant these powers to the two principal persons in the religious orders that are to come here, and that they should be his delegates, one from the Order of St. Francis and the other from the Order of St. Dominic. He died in Castilleja de la Cuesta, Seville province, on December 2, 1547, from a case of pleurisy at the age of 62. Cortés morì nei pressi di Siviglia il 2 dicembre del 1547. His father was Martín Cortés [18] But quickly Cortés learned that several Spaniards on the coast had been killed by Aztecs while supporting the Totonacs, and decided to take Moctezuma as a hostage in his palace, indirectly ruling Tenochtitlán through him. Cortés, either in a pre-meditated effort to instill fear upon the Aztecs waiting for him at Tenochtitlan or (as he later claimed, when he was being investigated) wishing to make an example when he feared native treachery, massacred thousands of unarmed members of the nobility gathered at the central plaza, then partially burned the city. Hernán Cortés was a Spanish conquistador who explored Central America, overthrew Montezuma and his vast Aztec empire and won Mexico for the crown of Spain Hernán Cortés de Monroy Pizarro Altamirano, marqués del Valle de Oaxaca (Medellín, 1485 - Castilleja de la Cuesta, 2 december 1547) was een Spaanse conquistador.Cortés staat vooral bekend om … Sbarcati sulla costa messicana, presso l'odierna Veracruz il 22 aprile, furono accolti più o meno favorevolmente dalle popolazioni; persino il potentissimo tlatoani (titolo traducibile con "imperatore") azteco Montezuma II mandò quasi subito ambasciate. Favourite answer. Upon his arrival in 1504 in Santo Domingo, the capital of Hispaniola, the 18-year-old Cortés registered as a citizen; this entitled him to a building plot and land to farm. "Grant of coat of arms to Hernando Cortés, 1525" transcription and translation by J. Benedict Warren. [30] Cortés's legitimate daughters were Doña Maria, Doña Catalina, and Doña Juana.[31]. In Motolinia's 1555 response to Dominican Bartolomé de Las Casas, he praises Cortés. Many historical sources have conveyed an impression that Cortés was unjustly treated by the Spanish Crown, and that he received nothing but ingratitude for his role in establishing New Spain. But also, much to the dismay of Cortés, four royal officials were appointed at the same time to assist him in his governing – in effect, submitting him to close observation and administration. Born in 1485 in Medellin, Spain, Hernán Cortésde Monroy y Pizarro was the son of Martín Cortés de Monroy and his wife Catalina Pizarro Altamirano.Though he is famous by the name Hernán Cortés today, during his lifetime he was most commonly referred to as Hernando or Fernando Cortés. He was born to Martin Cortes and Catalina Pizarro Altamirano, a family of Spanish nobility, in Medellin (now Extremadura), Spain, in 1485. La Malinche was among those women. In Cuba, Cortés became a man of substance with an encomienda to provide Indian labor for his mines and cattle. [46]:468 They were then restored to the same place, this time with a bronze inscription and his coat of arms. He was received by Charles with every distinction, and decorated with the order of Santiago. He wished the mendicants to be the main evangelists. On returning to Mexico, Cortés found the country in a state of anarchy. There are relatively few sources to the early life of Cortés; his fame arose from his participation in the conquest of Mexico and it was only after this that people became interested in reading and writing about him. Così, quando l'8 novembre Cortés entrò a Tenochtitlán accolto con tutti gli onori da Montezuma, aveva già con sé un esercito di circa 3 000 indios. Guns, germs, and horses brought Cortés victory over the mighty Aztec empire. When he reached Seville, he was stricken with dysentery. When the Governor of Cuba sent emissaries to arrest Cortés, he fought them and won, using the extra troops as reinforcements. Beolens, Bo; Watkins, Michael; Grayson, Michael (2011). Hernán's mother was Catalína Pizarro Altamirano.[4]. [25]:43 Encircling the central shield are symbols of the seven city-states around the lake and their lords that Cortés defeated, with the lords "to be shown as prisoners bound with a chain which shall be closed with a lock beneath the shield". La flessibilità spagnola così come la rigidità azteca si manifestarono in battaglia: gli aztechi seguivano un rituale tradizionale in guerra (gli abiti che indossavano per l'occasione, il luogo della battaglia, l'urlo prima di attaccare), facilitando con prevedibilità il lavoro dei conquistadores. It is known as the Paso de Cortés. )[4] Through his father, Hernán was related to Nicolás de Ovando, the third Governor of Hispaniola. [8], Cortés reached Hispaniola in a ship commanded by Alonso Quintero, who tried to deceive his superiors and reach the New World before them in order to secure personal advantages. [13] Aguilar had learned the Chontal Maya language and was able to translate for Cortés. For a short time, he served as alcalde (magistrate) of the second Spanish town founded on the island. In México there are few representations of Cortés. The Franciscans arrived in May 1524, a symbolically powerful group of twelve known as the Twelve Apostles of Mexico, led by Fray Martín de Valencia. Dopo i primi sentori di dissidi, Cortés diede ordine di smontare i brigantini, conservando solo vele e gomene: in questo modo intendeva assicurarsi da possibili diserzioni. Per questo motivo essi attaccavano gli spagnoli uno per volta in quanto per un azteco prendere un prigioniero vivo al fine di sacrificarlo era un grande onore. [13] To eliminate any ideas of retreat, Cortés scuttled his ships. Through this captain, God opened the door for us to preach his holy gospel and it was he who caused the Indians to revere the holy sacraments and respect the ministers of the church. At the last minute, due to the old argument between the two, Velázquez changed his mind and revoked Cortés's charter. Indeed, he had spent lavishly to build the new capital of Mexico City on the ruins of the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlán, leveled during the siege that brought down the Aztec empire. [13] In Mexico, one of Cortés's lieutenants Pedro de Alvarado, committed the massacre in the Great Temple, triggering a local rebellion. Writings: the Cartas de Relación. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro, 1st Marquis of the Valley of Oaxaca was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. [13], Cortés managed the founding of new cities and appointed men to extend Spanish rule to all of New Spain, imposing the encomienda system in 1524. [citation needed] His daughter, Doña Catalina, however, died shortly after her father's death. The fourth, October 20, 1524, was printed at Toledo in 1525. Hernan Cortes was born in Medellín, Spain in 1485. [25]:43 The specificity of the other two quadrants is linked directly to Mexico, with one quadrant showing three crowns representing the three Aztec emperors of the conquest era, Moctezuma, Cuitlahuac, and Cuauhtemoc[25]:43 and the other showing the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan. This division of power led to continual dissension, and caused the failure of several enterprises in which Cortés was engaged. He married twice: firstly in Cuba to Catalina Suárez Marcaida, who died at Coyoacán in 1522 without issue, and secondly in 1529 to doña Juana Ramírez de Arellano de Zúñiga, daughter of don Carlos Ramírez de Arellano, 2nd Count of Aguilar and wife the Countess doña Juana de Zúñiga, and had: For the Bolivian Olympic weightlifter, see, 18th-century portrait of Cortés based on the one sent by the conqueror to, Hernando Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, Appointment to governorship of Mexico and internal dissensions, Cortés and the "Spiritual Conquest" of Mexico, First return to Spain (1528) and Marquessate of the Valley of Oaxaca. Da alcune popolazioni con cui venne in contatto Cortés, l'impero Azteco esigeva tributi in termini di tassazione e di vittime sacrificali. Cortés sailed for Spain in 1528 to appeal to King Charles. Cortés was twice appointed municipal magistrate (alcalde) of Santiago. [13] There he encountered Geronimo de Aguilar, a Spanish Franciscan priest who had survived a shipwreck followed by a period in captivity with the Maya, before escaping. [15]:89, In July 1519, his men took over Veracruz. A few days after Cortés's return from his expedition, Ponce de León suspended Cortés from his office of governor of New Spain. The entailed estate and title passed to his legitimate son Don Martín Cortés upon Cortés's death in 1547, who became the Second Marquess. The influence of Garay was effectively stopped by this appeal to the King who sent out a decree forbidding Garay to interfere in the politics of New Spain, causing him to give up without a fight. Early lionizing of the conquistadores did not encourage deep examination of Cortés. Hernán was the son of Doña Catalina Pizarro and Martín Cortés. There were accusations at the time that Cortés had murdered his wife. Cortés, like many of his fellow conquistadors, was responsible for infecting the natives with terrible dise… In 1528, Cortés returned to Spain to appeal to the justice of his master, Charles V. Juan Altamirano and Alonso Valiente stayed in Mexico and acted as Cortés' representatives during his absence. The conqueror himself was said to have met the friars as they approached the capital, kneeling at the feet of the friars who had walked from the coast. There are relatively few sources to the early life of Cortés; his fame arose from his participation in the conquest of Mexico and it was only after this that people became interested in reading and writing about him. Cortés dimostrò anche in questa occasione le sue abilità, le sue doti politiche e di stratega, che gli assicurarono la conquista dell'impero. Cortés began a policy of attrition towards Tenochtitlán, cutting off supplies and subduing the Aztecs' allied cities. Hernán Cortés de Monroy y Pizarro Altamirano, 1st Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca[a] (/kɔːrˈtɛs/; Spanish: [eɾˈnaŋ koɾˈtez ðe monˈroj i piˈθaro altamiˈɾano]; 1485 – December 2, 1547) was a Spanish Conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire and brought large portions of what is now mainland Mexico under the rule of the King of Castile in the early 16th century. However, many landmarks still bear his name, from the castle Palacio de Cortés in the city of Cuernavaca to some street names throughout the republic. Raging over Olid's treason, Cortés issued a decree to arrest Velázquez, whom he was sure was behind Olid's treason. Hernán Cortés is widely known for his historic invasions and explorations. Denying he had held back on gold due the crown, he showed that he had contributed more than the quinto (one-fifth) required. Desideroso di saperne di più, il governatore di Cuba Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar promosse una spedizione verso l'interno e affidò il compito ad Hernán Cortés, che partì da Cuba alla volta del Messico il 18 febbraio 1519, con 11 navi, 100 marinai e 508 soldati, dotati di cavalli, animali allora sconosciuti in America, cani da combattimento e armi da fuoco. Carlo V, nel tentativo di contrastare la supremazia turca nel Mediterraneo, organizzò una spedizione per conquistare Algeri che in quel momento stava sotto il comando di Hassan Agà, un sardo rinnegato. Fearing that Cuauhtémoc might head an insurrection in Mexico, he brought him with him to Honduras. Questi, per impedire una sollevazione popolare, disse ai suoi sudditi che si sarebbe recato volontariamente nella casa in cui alloggiavano gli spagnoli, che era di suo padre. Montezuma II, also spelled Moctezuma, (born 1466—died c. June 30, 1520, Tenochtitlán, within modern Mexico City), ninth Aztec emperor of Mexico, famous for his dramatic confrontation with the Spanish conquistador Hernán Cortés. Hernán Cortés was a Spanish explorer and soldier who conquered the Aztec empire. Hernán Cortés route. [36], From 1524 to 1526, Cortés headed an expedition to Honduras where he defeated Cristóbal de Olid, who had claimed Honduras as his own under the influence of the Governor of Cuba Diego Velázquez. The statue depicts Cortés, Malinche and their son Martín. Hernán Cortés (1485-1547), also known as Hernando Cortés was a Spanish Conquistador, born in Medellin, which is in the province of Castile of Spain. Velázquez was appointed Governor of New Spain. First, he made public a copy of the bust of Cortés made by Manuel Tolsá in the Hospital de Jesús Nazareno with an official ceremony, but soon a nationalist group tried to destroy it, so it had to be taken out of the public. The document granting the coat of arms summarizes Cortés's accomplishments in the conquest of Mexico. He stopped in Trinidad, Cuba, to hire more soldiers and obtain more horses. The hotel was closed to make a commercial center, and the statue was put out of public display by Costco the builder of the commercial center.[50]. [1] Cortés wrote letters directly to the king asking to be acknowledged for his successes instead of being punished for mutiny. Their goal was to overthrow the Aztec Empire. William Hickling Prescott 's Conquest of Mexico (1843) also refers to him as Hernando Cortés. 16. As the first-born legitimate son, Don Martín Cortés y Zúñiga was now Cortés's heir and succeeded him as holder of the title and estate of the Marquessate of the Valley of Oaxaca. Their marriage had been childless. Hernán Cortés was the Spanish conquistador responsible for conquering the Aztec Empire and building Mexico City which secured Spain’s position in the New World. He became secretary for Governor Velázquez. [52], There is another statue by Sebastián Aparicio, in Cuernavaca, was in a hotel "El casino de la selva". [15]:199–200, By the time he arrived in Tenochtitlán, the Spaniards had a large army. [13] Cortés left 200 men in Tenochtitlán and took the rest to confront Narváez. La prima regione del Messico su cui gli spagnoli sbarcarono, nel 1518, fu lo Yucatán, dove vennero a contatto con la popolazione dei Maya, da cui appresero dell'esistenza dell'impero azteco. And as to those who murmur against the Marqués del Valle [Cortés], God rest him, and who try to blacken and obscure his deeds, I believe that before God their deeds are not as acceptable as those of the Marqués. Towards the end of the 15th century, Pope Alexander VI decreed that Spain could claim any lands in the New World for itself under the condition that the natives were converted to Christianity. [citation needed]. The proclamation of the king says in part: We, respecting the many labors, dangers, and adventures which you underwent as stated above, and so that there might remain a perpetual memorial of you and your services and that you and your descendants might be more fully honored ... it is our will that besides your coat of arms of your lineage, which you have, you may have and bear as your coat of arms, known and recognized, a shield ...[25]:43, The grant specifies the iconography of the coat of arms, the central portion divided into quadrants. Vennero anche a scoprire che una falange azteca aveva attaccato Veracruz, uccidendo molti spagnoli. [14], Among these women was La Malinche, his future mistress and mother of his son Martín. His eyes seemed at times loving and at times grave and serious. Diaz, B., 1963, The Conquest of New Spain, London: Penguin Books, pp. In base a segni interpretati come premonitori ed agli stessi miti di fondazione, gli spagnoli furono inizialmente interpretati come emissari di Quetzalcoatl, una delle principali divinità azteche. Cortés presented himself with great splendor before Charles V's court. Gli spagnoli invece combattevano all'europea, fendendo la spada su chiunque si trovasse loro innanzi cagionando perciò moltissimi morti. Over the centuries, Cortés has been scorned by many due to his involvement in years of abuse, killings and devastation amongst the natives in the Americas. In his letters to King Charles, Cortés claimed to have learned at this point that he was considered by the Aztecs to be either an emissary of the feathered serpent god Quetzalcoatl or Quetzalcoatl himself – a belief which has been contested by a few modern historians. In 1514, Cortés led a group which demanded that more Indians be assigned to the settlers. See "Letters and Dispatches of Cortés", translated by George Folsom (New York, 1843); Prescott's "Conquest of Mexico" (Boston, 1843); and Sir Arthur Helps's "Life of Hernando Cortes" (London, 1871).[43]. [citation needed], In 1823, after the independence of México, it seemed imminent that his body would be desecrated, so the mausoleum was removed, the statue and the coat of arms were sent to Palermo, Sicily, to be protected by the Duke of Terranova. Il 13 agosto 1521, dopo due mesi e mezzo di assedio, Tenochtitlán fu espugnata nuovamente e, nel giro di un anno, gli spagnoli presero il controllo dell'intero paese. In return for his efforts in expanding the still young Spanish Empire, Cortés was rewarded in 1529 by being accorded the noble title of don but more importantly named the "Marqués del Valle de Oaxaca" (Marquess of the Valley of Oaxaca and married the Spanish noblewoman Doña Juana Zúñiga, after the 1522 death of his much less distinguished first wife, Catalina Suárez. With a force of 600 Spanish soldiers, he was able to conquer a vast empire with tens of thousands of warriors. This picture is the one Cortés presents in his letters and in the later biography written by Francisco López de Gómara. He also helped colonize Cuba and became a … The Spanish Conquest of 1519 was motivated by Hernán Cortés and his small band of merchants’ lust for gold, glory, and God. By this time Charles had returned and Cortés forthrightly responded to his enemy's charges. [28][29] The death of Catalina Suárez produced a scandal and investigation, but Cortés was now free to marry someone of high status more appropriate to his wealth and power. By this act, Cortés dismissed the authority of the Governor of Cuba to place himself directly under the orders of King Charles. By the time he was around 20 years old, Cortes … [49] The accounts of the conquest given in the Florentine Codex by the Franciscan Bernardino de Sahagún and his native informants are also less than flattering towards Cortés. He finally left for Hispaniola in 1504 and became a colonist. "The lost first letter of Cortés. Il nonno di Cortés, Alfonso de Monroy, è gran maestro dell'Ordine di Alcántara, uno dei potenti ordini cavallereschi spagnoli[3]. Cortés nacque a Medellín, nella provincia dell'Estremadura, nel regno di Castiglia, in Spagna, probabilmente nel 1485, anche se alcune fonti sostengono che il 1483 o 1484[1]. This, however, only served to further estrange the Crown of Castile and the Council of Indies, both of which were already beginning to feel anxious about Cortés's rising power.[37]. After his arrival on Hispaniola in 1504 and subsequent participation in the conquest of the island of Cuba, Cortés made a name for himself as a bold and enterprising l… The Segunda Carta de Relacion, bearing the date of October 30, 1520, appeared in print at Seville in 1522. Hernan Cortes was born in Medellín, Spain in 1485. Top 10 Facts about Hernando Cortes Hernan Cortes is a Spanish Conquistador famous for leading the expedition to modern-day Mexico and conquering the Aztec Empire. Robert Moorman. Cortés also spent time exploring the Pacific coast of Mexico. Wikimedia Commons Hernán Cortés, the Spanish explorer known for his violent conquests in South America. Dalla vita cubana all'avventura messicana, Portale Conquista spagnola delle Americhe, https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hernán_Cortés&oldid=118907115, Voci con campo Ref vuoto nel template Infobox militare, P3762 multipla letta da Wikidata senza qualificatore, Voci con template Collegamenti esterni e qualificatori sconosciuti, Voci biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità, licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo. La leggenda vuole che fosse una famiglia povera, ma questo è contestato, poiché la famiglia probabilmente ricopriva incarichi redditizi[2]. In 1519, he was elected captain of the third expedition to the mainland, which he partly funded. De Figueroa raided graveyards and extorted contributions, meeting his end when the ship carrying these treasures sank. The band of men merchants traveled into the highlands and marched further into the Mexican altiplano. A questo punto, dopo aver pregato tutta la notte, decisero che l'unica strada per salvarsi fosse quella di arrestare Montezuma. After reasserting his position and reestablishing some sort of order, Cortés retired to his estates at Cuernavaca, about 30 miles (48 km) south of Mexico City. Cortés was able to achieve this by using the division between communities found in Mesoamerica at the time, … There was a public ceremony and all the churches in the city rang their bells. Quintero's mutinous conduct may have served as a model for Cortés in his subsequent career. Cortés himself used the form "Hernando" or "Fernando" for his first name, as seen in his signature and the title of an early portrait. Franciscan Geronimo de Mendieta claimed that Cortés's most important deed was the way he met this first group of Franciscans. He led an expedition to mainland Mexico.Cortés was part of the generation of Spanish colonizers that began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. L'offensiva, che partì da Cagliari, fu un fallimento ma fu un'occasione per Cortés per una permanenza in Sardegna; qui l'hidalgo incontrò un amico nella persona di Domenico Pastorello, vescovo di Cagliari. Hernán Cortés was a Spanish soldier, better known as the conqueror of Mexico, whose rags-to-riches story inspired numerous Spanish adventurers to explore the New World.